تحقیق در مورد نظریه دمکراسی جهان وطنی دیوید هلد و قابلیتهای اجرائی آن در ایران 20 ص

اختصاصی از فایل هلپ تحقیق در مورد نظریه دمکراسی جهان وطنی دیوید هلد و قابلیتهای اجرائی آن در ایران 20 ص دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

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دسته بندی : وورد

نوع فایل :  .doc ( قابل ویرایش و آماده پرینت )

تعداد صفحه : 20 صفحه

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 قسمتی از متن .doc : 

پیشگفتار:

در این پژوهش که برای درس سمینار افکار سیاسی غرب از نیمه دوم قرن 19 در مقطع کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی تهیه دیده شده است. نظریه دمکراسی جهان وطنی دیوید هلد و قابلیتهای اجرائی آن در ایران مورد تحقیق و بررسی قرار گرفته است. دیوید هلد استاد دانشگاه اقتصادی-سیاسی لندن و همچنین کالج حقوق-علوم سیاسیت لندن و از همکاران آنتنی گیدنز –جامعه شناس برجسته انگلیسی-است.

هلد را بیشتر به عنوان تئوریسین مباحث جهانی شدن (خاصه نظریه دمکراسی جهان وطنی)می شناسند . دو اثر برجسته هلد مدل های دموکراسی – و جهانی شدن و مخالفان آن (با همکاری آنتونی مک گرو)مرکز ثقل فکری او هستند. از آثار دیگر او می توان به ،چشم انداز اصلی دولت مدرن (1983) ،قدرت و مشروعیت در بریتانیای معاصر(1984)،لیبرالیسم ،مارکسیسم جهت گیری آینده خط مشی عمومی (1986)،مبانی دمکراسی (زیر چاپ) ،انباشت مشروعیت و دولت (1983) ، سوسیالیسم و محدودیت های عمل دولت، نظریه های دولت(1984) ، آموزه سیاست شناسی(1984)،اشکال جدید دموکراسی(1986)

مقدمه ای بر نظریه انتقادی:

هورکهایمرتاهابرماس(1980)اشاره کرد. ناگفته نماند بعضی از آثار فوق مشترکاً تالیف شده است.در پایان لازم می دانم مراتب سپاس و قدردانی خود را از استاد محترم و فرزانه دکتر محمد توحید فام به خاطر راهنمایی های بی دریغ و خردمندانه اش اعلام دارم.

مقدمه:

پیشینه هو خواهی فراگیر از دمکراسی ،به مثابه شکلی از سازماندهی زندگی سیاسی،به کمتر از یکسال می رسد.«دمکراسی» واژه ای اصلا یونانی است که در قرن شانزدهم از طریق واژه فانسوی «دمکراتی» Democratie وارد زبان انگلیسی شد. دمکراسی از اژه دموکراسیا مشتق شده که به معنی نوعی از حکومت است که در آن مردم حکومت می کنند.«حکومت بوسیله مردم»شاید مفهومی عاری از ابهام به نظر آید،اما ظواهر همیشه گمره کننده اند و تاریخ اندیشه دموکراسی پیچیده و حاکی از دریافت های متضاد است. عرصه های عدم توافق بسیار گسترده است. و در واقع هر یک از اجزاء عبارت فوق ،دشواری های مربوط به تعریف را به همراه دارد.

واژه های «حکومت» ،«حکومت به وسیله» و« مردم» به چه معناست؟اگر از ابهامات مجود در واژه «مردم» آغاز کنیم . چه کسانی را باید «مردم» قلمداد کرد؟چه نوع مشارکتی برای آنها در نظر گرفته شده است؟شرایط مفروض برای هدایت به مشارکت کدامند؟آیا مردم باید قبل از آن که دمکرات شند سواد بیاموزند؟آیا برای حفظ دمکراسی حد معینی از ثرت اجتماعی ضرورت دارد؟واژه حکومت مسائل بسیاری از این قبیل را بر می انگیزد :حوزه حکومت را تا چه اندازه گسترده یا محدود می توان در نظر گرفت ؟عرصه مناسب برای فعالیت دمکراتیک را چگونه می توان تعیین کرد؟ با توجه به این مسائل در ارتباط با دمکراسی و دریافتهای متضاد از آن از آغاز تا کنون ،همچنان عرصه های دمکراسی خواهی و یا تظاهر به آن رو به تذاید است. و در زمان ما مسئله ای دمکراسی و دمکراسی خواهی از شکلهای پیشین و قالبهای گذشته اش فراتر رفته است.و با توجه به نزدیکتر شدن ملل جهان به یکدیگر و از هم پاشیده شده شدن مرزهای جغرافیایی در حوزه های فرهنگی ،اقتصادی ،اجتماعی و بخصوص اطلاعاتی،و مسئله جهانی شدن در حوزه های مذکور و به طرف یکدست شدن و رفتن ملل جهان در بعضی عرصه های جهانی .مانند نوع حکومت،اقتصاد،فرهنگ و ...-به دلیل پیچیدگی نیازها، وابستگی متقابل به هم و تاثیر پذیری از حوادث اتفاق افتاده در فرای مرزهای ملی مسئله ای دمکراسی و حکومت دمکراسی در شکل جدیدی تحت عنوان «دمکراسی جهانی» مطرح شده است.

روش:

این پژوهش درصدد است با استفاده از رهیافت نهاد گرائی نظریه دیوید هلد در ارتباط با دمکراسی جهانی ،که نامبرده آن را در قالب دمکراسی جهان وطنی مطرح کرده است،را مورد تحقیق و بررسی قرار دهد.

روش مورد استفاده در این پژوهش،همچنان که اشاره شد،رهیافت نهادگرائی می باشد بر اساس این رهیافت مطالعه ای نهاد های سیاسی ،اصل مهم می باشد.

حامیان این رهیافت ،قواعد و رویه های قانونی را بعنوان متغیر اساسی مستقل ، و کارکرد و سرنوشت دمکراسیها را بعنوان وابسته در نظر می گیرند.1.

به طور کلی رهیافت نهادی موضوع مطالعه ای است که قواعد ،رویه ها و سازمان های رسمی حکومت را در بر می گیرد.رهیافت نهاد گرائی به رهیافتهای متعدد جدید تقسیم شده است،که عبارتند از سه نوع تحلیل نهادی یعنی مطالعات قانون اساسی ،اداره عمومی،و نهادگرایی عبارتند از سه نوع تحلیل نهادی یعنی مطالعات قانون اساسی ،اداره عمومی و نهاد گرایی جدید.

در این پژوهشاز روش «نهاد گرایئ جدید»استفاده می شود. نهادگرایی جدید بر نقش مستقلانه برای نهادی سیاسی تاکید می ورزد.2 در نهاد گرائی جدید فرض بر این است که هر نهادی قواعد و رویه های قانونی خاصی را منعکس می کند که این قوانین رفتارها و ارزشهای خاصی را الزاماًٌ تجویز می کنند.

شیوه جمع آوری اطلاعات و منابع کتابخانه ای و مقاله ای می باشد.

سئوال اصلی در این پژوهش که جهت اصلی پژوهش را مشخص می کند:

قابلیتهای اجرائی نظریه ی دمکراسی جهان وطنی دیوید هلد در ایران چه می باشد؟

در پاسخ به این سئوال،فرضیه اصلی ما این است که:

با توجه به اینکه نظریه دمکراسی جهان وطنی دیوید هلد حوزه های و عرصه های مختلفی از سطوح ملی،فدا ملی و جهانی را در بر می گیرد و در هر کدام از این سطوح راهکارها و پیشنهاد هایئ را در راستای نظریه خود ارائه داده است در سطح ملی در ایران می توان از افزایش حقوق عمومی و مدنی بر اساس نظریه هلد بهره های لازم را برد و آنها را به مرحله عمل و اجرا در آورد.

تحقیق درباره دیوید بکام

اختصاصی از فایل هلپ تحقیق درباره دیوید بکام دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

لینک دانلود و خرید پایین توضیحات

فرمت فایل word  و قابل ویرایش و پرینت

تعداد صفحات: 5

Birth Name

David Robert Joseph Beckham

Nickname

Dave

Becks

Golden Balls

DB7

Height

6' (1.83 m)

Mini Biography

David Beckham is one of Britain's most iconic athletes whose name is also an elite global advertising brand. He was captain of the English national team from 2000 to 2006, scored in three different FIFA World Cups, and played midfield for clubs in Manchester, England and Madrid, Spain, before agreeing to move to Los Angeles, to play for Los Angeles Galaxy team on a five year contract beginning on July 1, 2007.

He was born David Robert Joseph Beckham on May 2, 1975, in Leytonstone, East London, England, son of Ted Beckham, a kitchen fitter, and Sandra West, a hairdresser. Beckham's maternal grandfather is Jewish, and he has been mentioning the religion as influence; he wears a tattoo written in Hebrew from the 'Song of Songs' in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), albeit he is not known to practice Judaism or any other faith. Beckham has always played in long sleeve shirts to cover up his tattoos in consideration of others who may feel uncomfortable due to their beliefs.

He was brought up by his parents, supporters of Manchester United, attended Bobby Charlton's football school in Manchester, and won a spot in a training session at FC Barcelona as a child. In 1986 he was a Manchester United's mascot for a match against West Ham United. From 1992 - 2003 Beckham made almost 400 appearances for Manchester United and scored 85 goals, although his official record counts only 62 goals in 265 official senior team's matches. In the 1998 FIFA World Cup he played all of England's qualifying matches and scored in several important victories. He received a red card for violent conduct in England's match against Argentina, albeit his opponent later admitted to trying to send Beckham off by over-reacting to their contact during the game and by urging the referee to send Beckham off. After losing the game England was eliminated, Beckham was made a scapegoat and became the target of criticism and abuse in media.

He had a good season in 1999 - 2000 and helped Manchester United to win the Premier League. At that time he married singer Victoria Beckham from the popular group Spice Girls, and the couple had their first son, Brooklyn, born in 1999. That same year Beckham was given a permission to miss training routine, in order to look after his son Brooklyn, who suffered from a stomach infection. Meanwhile, the Manchester United's manager, Alex Ferguson, fined Beckham £50,000 (about $80,000 then) the maximum amount that was permitted, for babysitting with his sick child, while his wife was spotted at a London fashion Week event on the same night. Ferguson's claim that Beckham should be able to train if his wife stayed home that day, caused a serious personal tension between two men. In February 2003, following the defeat to Arsenal, the Manchester United's manager Alex Ferguson entered the changing room and kicked a football boot that struck Beckham over the eye, causing a cut that required stitches.

David Beckham has been a good scorer and a major attraction for public. On the field he has been demonstrating his consistent ability to see a big picture even under severe pressure during the most rapidly changing and unpredictable games. His field vision has been remarkable, allowing him to create many assists in a number of important matches. Beckham's forte has been his delivery from the right-hand side as well as his efficient free kicks. His superior performances in the midfield position has required a higher physical endurance through the entire game. "David Beckham's right foot" was mentioned, although humorously, as one of British national treasures in the movie Love Actually (2003).

He signed a four-year contract with Real Madrid, beginning on July 1, 2003, and worth a potential 40 million dollars. In Madrid, Beckham was not allowed to wear his favorite number seven, because another player had the right to wear it written into his contract. Beckham decided to wear the number 23 instead, being a big fan of Michael Jordan. He immediately became popular with the Real Madrid fans, but the team did not perform well enough to win either the Spanish League or the Champions League. However, Beckham remained a reliable scorer and his performances attracted more public. His shirts sales and other merchandising deals remained lucrative for the club, which continued to under-perform, regardless of the Real's management's higher expectations.

In 2005 Beckham became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. He was also involved in promoting London's successful bid for the 2012 Olympic Games. His third season in Madrid was unremarkable, and he was criticized a lot, mainly because the team finished second to Barcelona in Spanish "La Liga" and lost to Arsenal in the European Champions League. However, during that season, he expanded his international presence by establishing football academies in Los Angeles and East London. During the FIFA World Cup 2006, he played for England, and became the first ever English player to score in three World Cups. In the quarter final game against Portugal, Beckham was replaced because of his injury in the middle of the game. Without him the English team lost and was knocked out of the World Cup.

In June 2007 Beckham played his final game for Real Madrid, winning a medal and celebrating with his friends Tom and Katie Cruse, who attended the game. This was his fourth, and last season there, ending his contract with the club. He announced that he had signed a five-year contract to play for the Los Angeles Galaxy from July 1, 2007 through June 2012. The 5-year deal includes up to $10 million a year in direct salary, and with merchandising endorsements and profit-sharing could earn Beckham up to $50 million a year, and may end up worth about $250 million in five years, making him one of the highest earning athletes of all time.

مبانی فیزیک، الکتریسیته و مغناطیس اثر دیوید هالیدی - جلد دوم

اختصاصی از فایل هلپ مبانی فیزیک، الکتریسیته و مغناطیس اثر دیوید هالیدی - جلد دوم دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

 

«مبانی فیزیک؛ الکتریسیته  مغناطیس» نوشته‌ی مشترک نوشته‌ی «دیوید هالیدی»، «رابرت رزنیک» و «جرل واکر» را «محمدرضا جلیلیان نصرتی»، «محمد عابدینی»، «مجتبی پرهیزگار» و  «روح‌الله خلیلی بروجنی» به فارسی برگردانده‌اند. در مقدمه‌ی آمده است: «من از نوشتن هدف‌های زیادی دارم اما برجسته‌ترین آن‌ها این است که به مدرسان آن ابزاری بدهم که با آن به دانشجویان بیاموزند که چگونه به طور اثربخش مطالب علمی را بخوانند، مفاهیم بنیادی را شناسایی کنند، برای پرسش‌های علمی دلیل بیاورند و مسئله‌های عددی را حل کنند.»

تعداد صفحات    443 صفحه


قیمت اصلی این محصول 25000 تومان است که در اینجا با تخفیف ویژه در اختیار شما قرار می گیرد.


نویسنده/نویسندگان            دیوید هالیدی، رابرت رزنیک، جرل واکر


مترجم                       محمدرضا جلیلیان نصرتی، محمد عابدینی، مجتبی پرهیزگار، روح‌الله خلیلی بروجنی



تاریخ چاپ                     1393

- دارای صفحات      مصور، جدول و نمودار

مبانی فیزیک، الکتریسیته و مغناطیس اثر دیوید هالیدی - جلد دوم

اختصاصی از فایل هلپ مبانی فیزیک، الکتریسیته و مغناطیس اثر دیوید هالیدی - جلد دوم دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

«مبانی فیزیک؛ الکتریسیته  مغناطیس» نوشته‌ی مشترک نوشته‌ی «دیوید هالیدی»، «رابرت رزنیک» و «جرل واکر» را «محمدرضا جلیلیان نصرتی»، «محمد عابدینی»، «مجتبی پرهیزگار» و  «روح‌الله خلیلی بروجنی» به فارسی برگردانده‌اند. در مقدمه‌ی آمده است: «من از نوشتن هدف‌های زیادی دارم اما برجسته‌ترین آن‌ها این است که به مدرسان آن ابزاری بدهم که با آن به دانشجویان بیاموزند که چگونه به طور اثربخش مطالب علمی را بخوانند، مفاهیم بنیادی را شناسایی کنند، برای پرسش‌های علمی دلیل بیاورند و مسئله‌های عددی را حل کنند.»

تعداد صفحات    443 صفحه


قیمت اصلی این محصول 25000 تومان است که در اینجا با تخفیف ویژه در اختیار شما قرار می گیرد.


نویسنده/نویسندگان            دیوید هالیدی، رابرت رزنیک، جرل واکر


مترجم                       محمدرضا جلیلیان نصرتی، محمد عابدینی، مجتبی پرهیزگار، روح‌الله خلیلی بروجنی



تاریخ چاپ                     1393

- دارای صفحات      مصور، جدول و نمودار

تحقیق درمورد دیوید بکام

اختصاصی از فایل هلپ تحقیق درمورد دیوید بکام دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

لینک دانلود و خرید پایین توضیحات

فرمت فایل word  و قابل ویرایش و پرینت

تعداد صفحات: 5

Birth Name

David Robert Joseph Beckham

Nickname

Dave

Becks

Golden Balls

DB7

Height

6' (1.83 m)

Mini Biography

David Beckham is one of Britain's most iconic athletes whose name is also an elite global advertising brand. He was captain of the English national team from 2000 to 2006, scored in three different FIFA World Cups, and played midfield for clubs in Manchester, England and Madrid, Spain, before agreeing to move to Los Angeles, to play for Los Angeles Galaxy team on a five year contract beginning on July 1, 2007.

He was born David Robert Joseph Beckham on May 2, 1975, in Leytonstone, East London, England, son of Ted Beckham, a kitchen fitter, and Sandra West, a hairdresser. Beckham's maternal grandfather is Jewish, and he has been mentioning the religion as influence; he wears a tattoo written in Hebrew from the 'Song of Songs' in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), albeit he is not known to practice Judaism or any other faith. Beckham has always played in long sleeve shirts to cover up his tattoos in consideration of others who may feel uncomfortable due to their beliefs.

He was brought up by his parents, supporters of Manchester United, attended Bobby Charlton's football school in Manchester, and won a spot in a training session at FC Barcelona as a child. In 1986 he was a Manchester United's mascot for a match against West Ham United. From 1992 - 2003 Beckham made almost 400 appearances for Manchester United and scored 85 goals, although his official record counts only 62 goals in 265 official senior team's matches. In the 1998 FIFA World Cup he played all of England's qualifying matches and scored in several important victories. He received a red card for violent conduct in England's match against Argentina, albeit his opponent later admitted to trying to send Beckham off by over-reacting to their contact during the game and by urging the referee to send Beckham off. After losing the game England was eliminated, Beckham was made a scapegoat and became the target of criticism and abuse in media.

He had a good season in 1999 - 2000 and helped Manchester United to win the Premier League. At that time he married singer Victoria Beckham from the popular group Spice Girls, and the couple had their first son, Brooklyn, born in 1999. That same year Beckham was given a permission to miss training routine, in order to look after his son Brooklyn, who suffered from a stomach infection. Meanwhile, the Manchester United's manager, Alex Ferguson, fined Beckham £50,000 (about $80,000 then) the maximum amount that was permitted, for babysitting with his sick child, while his wife was spotted at a London fashion Week event on the same night. Ferguson's claim that Beckham should be able to train if his wife stayed home that day, caused a serious personal tension between two men. In February 2003, following the defeat to Arsenal, the Manchester United's manager Alex Ferguson entered the changing room and kicked a football boot that struck Beckham over the eye, causing a cut that required stitches.

David Beckham has been a good scorer and a major attraction for public. On the field he has been demonstrating his consistent ability to see a big picture even under severe pressure during the most rapidly changing and unpredictable games. His field vision has been remarkable, allowing him to create many assists in a number of important matches. Beckham's forte has been his delivery from the right-hand side as well as his efficient free kicks. His superior performances in the midfield position has required a higher physical endurance through the entire game. "David Beckham's right foot" was mentioned, although humorously, as one of British national treasures in the movie Love Actually (2003).

He signed a four-year contract with Real Madrid, beginning on July 1, 2003, and worth a potential 40 million dollars. In Madrid, Beckham was not allowed to wear his favorite number seven, because another player had the right to wear it written into his contract. Beckham decided to wear the number 23 instead, being a big fan of Michael Jordan. He immediately became popular with the Real Madrid fans, but the team did not perform well enough to win either the Spanish League or the Champions League. However, Beckham remained a reliable scorer and his performances attracted more public. His shirts sales and other merchandising deals remained lucrative for the club, which continued to under-perform, regardless of the Real's management's higher expectations.

In 2005 Beckham became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. He was also involved in promoting London's successful bid for the 2012 Olympic Games. His third season in Madrid was unremarkable, and he was criticized a lot, mainly because the team finished second to Barcelona in Spanish "La Liga" and lost to Arsenal in the European Champions League. However, during that season, he expanded his international presence by establishing football academies in Los Angeles and East London. During the FIFA World Cup 2006, he played for England, and became the first ever English player to score in three World Cups. In the quarter final game against Portugal, Beckham was replaced because of his injury in the middle of the game. Without him the English team lost and was knocked out of the World Cup.

In June 2007 Beckham played his final game for Real Madrid, winning a medal and celebrating with his friends Tom and Katie Cruse, who attended the game. This was his fourth, and last season there, ending his contract with the club. He announced that he had signed a five-year contract to play for the Los Angeles Galaxy from July 1, 2007 through June 2012. The 5-year deal includes up to $10 million a year in direct salary, and with merchandising endorsements and profit-sharing could earn Beckham up to $50 million a year, and may end up worth about $250 million in five years, making him one of the highest earning athletes of all time.