لینک پرداخت و دانلود در "پایین مطلب"
فرمت فایل: word (قابل ویرایش و آماده پرینت)
تعداد صفحات:1
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طی‌دهة 80 بویژه‌در نیمة‌دوم، بسیاری از کشورهای در حال توسعه به سوی طی خصوصی‌سازی، کاهــش دخالتهای دولت در امور اقتصادی، مقررات زدایی، آزادسازی‌تجارت ،بین‌المللی کــردن رفتارهای اقتصادی، تلاش جهت جلب سرمایه‌های خارجی و بطور کلی سعی در حاکم کردن عناصر اقتصاد بازار بر اقتصادهایشان روی آوردند. این تحولات ساختاری در محیط اقتصاد سیاسی بین‌الملل، زمینه ساز آغاز مذاکرات دوراروگوئه[1] (1986) و تشکیل سازمان تجارت جهانی بود[2]
مذاکرات دور هشتم در سپتامبر 1986 در پی ملاقات وزیران بازرگانی کشورهای عضو، در اروگوئه برگزار شد. آنها موافقت کردند مذاکرات خود را در خصوص یافتن روشی جدید برای بهبود تجارت در سطح جهان طی یک دورة چهار ساله تحت نظارت سازمان آغاز کنند. این مذاکرات نیز به دوراروگوئه معروف شد. هدفهای
این مذاکرات بر آزادسازی بیشتر تجارت، تقویت نقش گات و تدوین قواعد و مقررات چند جانبه برای گسترش و آزاد سازی تجارت استوار بود. آنچه این دور از مذاکرات را از دور قبلی آن متمایز می ساخت این بود که مذاکرات از مسائل همیشگی و سنتی تجارت بین المللی مانند موانع و محدودیتهای تعرفه ای و غیر تعرفه ای فراتر رفته، به مسائلی همچون سیاست کشاورزی و سرمایه گذاری خارجی منسوجات و پوشاک و مالکیت معنوی پرداخته است. گرچه در ابتدا مدت مذاکرات این دور چهار سال، یعنی تا آخر 1990 تعیین شده بود، اما عملاً مذاکرات هفت سال به طول انجامید و حاصل آن گسترش دامنة فعالیتهای گات[3] بود که کشاورزی، منسوجات و پوشاک و اقدمات سرمایه گذاری مرتبط با تجارت را نیز در برگرفت. در سال 1993 در همین کنفرانس، یک موافقتنامة 550 صفحه ای توسط 117 کشور به تصویب رسید که بزرگترین قرار داد تجاری جهان در آن زمان محسوب می شد؛ به این ترتیب «سازمان تجارت جهانی » متولد شد.
مقاله سازمان تجارت جهانی
